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Types and Applications of Steel Materials
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Overview.
There are many types of steel materials, each with different characteristics, so the proper one must be selected to meet the requirements of the product or part here.
01 Classification of steel materials
| Classification. | JIS | Main applications | ||
| number | steel symbol | |||
| Rolled steel | Rolled steel for general structural purposes | G3101 | SUSPENDED SOLIDS | Bridges, ships, vehicles, and other structures |
| Rolled steel for welded structure | G3106 | SM | SIMILAR TO SS, WITH EMPHASIS ON WELDABILITY | |
| Rolled steel for building structure | G3136 | SN | Building structure | |
| Rolled steel sheet and strip | Cold-rolled steel sheet and strip | G3141 | SPC | Various machine parts, automobile bodies |
| Hot-rolled mild steel sheet and strip | G3131 | SPH | Buildings and various structures | |
| wire rod | Piano wire rod | G3502 | SWRS | Stranded wire, wire rope |
| Mild steel wire rod | G3505 | SWRM | Iron wire, galvanized stranded wire | |
| Hard steel wire rod | G3506 | SWRH | Galvanized stranded wire, wire rope | |
| Carbon steel wire rod for cold heading | G3507 | SWRCH | Cold heading products such as bolts and machine parts | |
| Boron steel wire rod for cold heading | G3508 | SWRCHB | Cold heading products such as bolts and machine parts | |
| Machine structural steel | Carbon Steel for Machine Structural Use | G4053 | S-C. | General machine structural parts |
| chrome molybdenum steel | SCM | Parts for machine structure with emphasis on high strength | ||
| nickel-chromium steel | SNC | Machine structural parts with high toughness | ||
| nickel-chromium molybdenum steel | SNCM | Machine structural parts with emphasis on high strength and high toughness | ||
| tool steel | carbon tool steel | G4401 | STEAM LOCOMOTIVE | Press dies, cutlery, engraving |
| High-speed tool steel | G4403 | SKH | Cutting tools, knives, cold forging dies | |
| Alloy Tool Steel | G4404 | SKS | Cutting tools, steel tools, press dies | |
| SYMMETRIC DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE | Cold forging dies, press dies, die casting dies | |||
| SHORT TAKE-OFF AND LANDING | Hot forging dies, press dies | |||
| Special purpose steel | stainless steel | G4303 | SUS | Various parts and blades for corrosion resistance |
| heat-resistant steel | G4311 | SUH | Various parts for corrosion and heat resistance | |
| spring steel | G4801 | SUP | Various types of coil springs and laminated plate springs | |
| bearing steel | G4805 | SUJ | rolling bearing | |
| free-cutting steel | G4804 | SUM | Various parts with emphasis on machining accuracy | |
| forgings | Carbon steel forgings | G3201 | SF | Axles of rolling stock, turbine shafts of generators |
| Chromium Molybdenum Steel Forgings | G3221 | SFCM | Cranks, pinions, gears, wheels, discs | |
| Stainless steel forgings for pressure vessels | G3214 | SUS F | Pressure vessels for corrosion resistance and high temperature | |
| steel castings | Carbon steel castings | G5101 | SC | General structural parts, electric motor parts |
| Steel castings for welded structures | G5102 | SCW | For welded structures with rolled steel or other cast steel products | |
| Stainless steel castings | G5121 | SCS | Chemical industry containers, BOMP parts, food industry parts | |
| High manganese steel castings | G5131 | SCMnH | Plates, blades and impellers for crushers, etc. | |
| cast-iron (cast-iron) goods | gray cast iron products | G5501 | FC | Machine covers, piston rings, gears, pulleys |
| spheroidal graphite cast iron | G5502 | FCD | Cast iron pipes for water supply, cylinder liners, structural parts | |
| Malleable cast iron | G5705 | FCM | Tools, pedals, various machine parts | |
Steel materials include rolled steel, machine structural steel, tool steel, stainless steel, and other wrought steel materials, as well as forgings, cast steel, and cast iron.
02 Wrought Steel
Used in the largest quantities Wrought steel are rolled steel materials. Among them SS material known as rolled steel for general structural purposes, is the least expensive of the steel materials and is widely used in bridges, vehicles, and other structures. Wire rods include piano wire used for wire ropes and cold heading steel used for bolts and other cold heading products.
IN ADDITION, THERE ARE MACHINE STRUCTURAL STEELS AND TOOL STEELS, WHICH ARE PRODUCED BY ADJUSTING THE TYPES AND AMOUNTS OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS AND USING VARIOUS HEAT TREATMENTS SUCH AS QUENCHING AND TEMPERING TO ADD PROPERTIES SUITABLE FOR THE APPLICATION, AND THESE ARE THE MAIN TYPES OF STEELS COVERED IN THIS DOCUMENT. IN ADDITION, A WIDE VARIETY OF SPECIAL-PURPOSE STEELS ARE SPECIFIED IN JIS, INCLUDING SPRING STEELS FOR SPRINGS, BEARING STEELS FOR BEARINGS, FREE-CUTTING STEELS WITH EXCELLENT MACHINABILITY, AND STAINLESS STEELS WITH EXCELLENT CORROSION RESISTANCE.
03 Forgings, cast steel and cast iron
Forgings are formed by forging or a combination of forging and rolling, and include carbon steel (SF), chrome molybdenum steel (SFCM), and stainless steel (SUS F). Because of their superior toughness compared to equivalent wrought materials, they are used for parts requiring high strength, such as axles and pressure vessels.
Cast steel are castings of steel, so they are tougher than cast iron, and a wide range of mechanical properties can be adjusted by heat treatment. Carbon steel (SC), welded structural steel (SCW) and stainless steel (SCS) are specified.
Cast iron products Compared to steel, gray cast iron (GMC) contains large amounts of carbon and silicon and has excellent molten metal flowability, making it easy to form thin-walled products. The following types of cast iron are specified: gray cast iron (FC) with fragmented graphite, and spheroidal graphite cast iron (FCD) with spheroidal graphite.